Yesterday, there was a long human interest story in the Washington Post describing how staunchly pro-abort Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine med student Lesley Wojick determined to abandon her aspiration to become an abortionist to instead be an anesthesiologist.
Lesley's reasoning was honest, although, despite what she did and saw, she's still pro-abortion. 'Don't get that. But here's how she decided, after helping commit a 2nd trimester abortion:
"It was definitely gruesome," she said. "You could make out what a fetus could look like, tiny feet, lungs, but it didn't look like a person." She knew this abortion was an act that her friend Litty considered tantamount to murder. She herself expected to be very upset....But this was different. She didn't regard the fetus as a person yet. She said she was happy to help the woman: "I feel like I was giving [her] a new lease" on life....
Later that morning, though, while conducting a pelvic exam, Lesley noted that she wasn't her usual slow, gentle self. That evening, discussing the second-term abortion with her mother, Lesley described a process that she found disturbingly brutal, especially the stretching of the vagina.
"It's a lot more invasive than I thought," she said. "A papaya doesn't bleed and scream." Women do.Lesley didn't want to have to steel herself emotionally to perform abortions, and she was coming to realize that that's what she'd have to do....
As for obstetrics, the once-perfect mix of medical, surgical and preventive care for women, Lesley hadn't loved very much about it. Even as she'd shadowed the abortion doctor, Lesley knew in her heart that this would not be the right place for her to make a difference. It was a big disappointment, she said. "I really thought I'd love it."
The things she cared about -- taking care of women, seeing them through the process -- hadn't happened. It was the nurse practitioner who cared for the patient. Vacuuming out a uterus and counting the parts of the fetus did not seem like a desirable way to spend her work days. It took a unique person to do that on a daily basis, she said.
Lesley still believed passionately in abortion rights.... Even so, she had to follow her heart. Somebody else - maybe Laura Merkel, the new chapter president of Medical Students for Choice - would become an abortion provider. But it wouldn't be her.
I wrote earlier this year how Yale Daily News yanked an inappropriate article on papaya abortions.
But they're back. Read about Lesley's papaya abortion experience on page 2.
[Photos courtesy of The Washington Post; photo of instruments taken at Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington]
Lesley's description of the papaya abortion procedure...
It was Christina, the Students for Choice chapter president, who proposed holding a papaya workshop to expose more students to abortion. She'd heard about such a workshop at a national Students for Choice gathering. It was a hands-on opportunity for second-year medical students to learn how to perform an abortion, using a papaya as a stand-in for a woman's uterus. Lesley thought it was a great idea.The women enlisted doctors, residents and nurses from Maryland and Johns Hopkins to run the workshop and e-mailed an invitation to all second-year students. They promised dinner, a sure bet to lure medical students.... Soon the workshop, which could accommodate 20 students, had a waiting list - and the women organizing it had a small firestorm on their hands.
In her e-mail, Christina had hoped to attract participants by suggesting that they'd have fun learning the procedure: "You'll get the opportunity to be shown how to use manual vacuum aspirators using papaya models (apparently papayas bear a striking resemblance to a uterus. Who knew?)"
But some of the students who received the invitation didn't see it that way. "This is a serious matter," one told Christina. Those offended by her tone demanded to be dropped from any future Medical Students for Choice e-mails. After consulting a dean, the women didn't remove any names from their list, but they decided to word future missives more carefully.
On the day of the workshop, Christina wiped out the stock of papayas at a Whole Foods store. The man behind her at the checkout wanted to know what she was using them for.
A medical procedure, she told him.
Come on, tell me, he pushed. A suture?
Something like that, she said she responded. She was not about to get into an abortion discussion in the supermarket.
Bizarre as it might seem to perform an operation on a papaya, in medical school it isn't unusual. Fruit or other food is regularly used to describe things in obstetrics. A uterus holding an 8-week-old fetus is the size of a naval orange. After 12 weeks, it is more like a grapefruit. The uterus itself is shaped like, well, a papaya....
"This is so cool," said Lesley, who believed she was doing something important to address the shortage of abortion doctors. After years of defending abortion rights, she would finally learn how the procedure is done.
Ten women and 3 men showed up for the workshop, fewer than the organizers had expected....
After heaping their plates with food and chatting about the recent test, the students cleared the lab tables for the teaching doctor to lay out her equipment and pass around photocopies of her lecture slides. Her tray contained a pair of scissors with a sharp tooth on each end, for grasping body parts during surgery, called a tenaculum.The doctor gave a short lecture on first-trimester abortions. Then she showed the students how to grip the papaya with the scissors to hold the angle of the "cervix" straight on. With one hand, the doctor demonstrated how to administer a local pain killer, at 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions. She picked up different sizes of dilators used to widen the cervix and advised against pushing them in too hard, because in a soft-skinned papaya, the dilators might come out the other side. In a woman, more pressure would be needed to slide the dilator past the cervix and into the cavity of the uterus.
The doctor next picked up the suction instrument, a manually operated vacuum suction syringe. It was attached to a cannula, or thin tube, that she inserted into the papaya. She rotated it around the fruit's cavity, pulling and pushing the syringe, suctioning the papaya's contents.
"This is the most important thing and the hardest to learn," the doctor said as she pulled out lots of seeds and juice, what in a real abortion she called the "products of conception," or POC. "You put the POC into a bowl, repeat if necessary, and examine them under a microscope to make sure you got everything," she advised.
There was silence as she passed around photos of a dish with a light under it from a real abortion. It contained something that looked like a cotton ball, a yolk sac, and some blood and tissue. It was hard to make out any parts of a fetus under 3 months old, which, she said, is when more than 90 percent of all abortions are performed.
"How do you know you are done?" a student asked.
When you do it often enough, the doctor replied, you'll notice a gritty feel as you are scraping the uterus. If not, there is another tool, a rod with a spoon, one side sharp as a knife, to scrape again.
Now it was the students' turn to try the procedure in the lab next door. Imagining herself working on a real woman, Lesley looked tentative as she pushed up her sleeves and reached for the razor-sharp tenaculum.
"This just seems so awful," she exclaimed as she tried to grab the papaya with it. "Do [patients] feel this?"
Her look turned to fright when the nurse practitioner at her station answered that they do.
Why not apply the local anesthetic before gripping the cervix with the sharp instrument? Lesley asked. The answer: A doctor needs something to hold the cervix steady to administer the drug.
Lesley offered Christina the suction instrument to try first, and Christina took it without hesitation. "You can feel once you get into the hollow part," Christina told Lesley.
When Lesley's turn came, she ignored the directions and numbed the papaya before using the scissors. Then she gripped the papaya with the scissors, dilated it with the instrument in her other hand, and suctioned it with the vacuum, twice bringing up lots of seeds and pulp. Finally she tried the curet, the spoon with one sharp side, and pulled out still more pulp.
"So," she asked the nurse, "did we not suction correctly, or is this a papaya issue?"
"It's the papaya," the nurse replied.
The whole thing was over in less than three minutes, but Lesley had plenty of questions.
"Do you feel you have to distance yourself emotionally from your patients?" she asked the nurse practitioner.
"No," she answered.
"Are patients sad? Upset?"
"Many times they are sad," the nurse said, but also relieved. "They have made up their minds." Some cry afterward, she added. "I tell them it's normal to grieve. It's a loss."
"Do they ask you, 'How can you work here?' "
"I tell them, 'I meet wonderful ladies like you,' " the nurse said.
Lesley bit her lip and tried the procedure again, and this time she asked technical questions, all the while thinking of what she might say to the patient, how she would explain what she was doing.
On her second try, she perforated the papaya, but she knew the fruit was far softer than a woman's uterus would be. She put down the instruments. "Now I know how to do one, I guess, if I needed to," Lesley said.
But she seemed to be harboring reservations about the procedure. She thought using the tenaculum was barbaric: "I don't know, insensitive. You'd think there'd be something else besides digging into the cervix with a toothlike instrument."...
Comments:
I like how she says it "took a 'unique' person to do that on a daily basis." Um, I think she wanted to say "a completely insane person."
Posted by: Kristen at November 25, 2008 3:10 PMhttp://f2a.org/radio/2008-11-25.ram
Lastest program with Janet Folger(Porter) over Obama's Birth Certificate and Citizenship Problem.
This issue must get out. The MSM is trying to hide and quash the issue. It is a cover up! SIGN THE PETITION AND SPREAD IT FAR AND WIDE!!! http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=81550 WWW.OBAMACRIMES.COM http://thenaturalborncitizen.blogspot.com/ http://americamustknow.com/default.aspx
Here are some more useful links about Obama's Citizenship Problem:
4 reasons why Obama is not a "Natural Born Citizen"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VvbknlC69bQ
Part 2 Is Obama a Natural Born Citizen?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eynQ1mGyWyI
Obama Not Natural Born Citizen Part 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=661ujE-dDzE
James, Are you pro-life? Did you read this post?
Posted by: Janet at November 25, 2008 3:15 PMJanet -
Wasn't that horrible? I just finished reading the last part about the papaya. Now I know all abortionists are mentally ill.
Posted by: Kristen at November 25, 2008 3:18 PMFortunately, this is an open blog so the issue can get out. The MSM is censoring this National Issue. I think the MSM does not want to start a national grassroot movement and potentially instigate a national riot should Obama be removed. I am willing the guess this why the Republicians are refusing to get involved.
Posted by: James at November 25, 2008 3:21 PMRather than to risk a National Riot, I think Republicians and the MSM are willing to dump the US Constitution and put a person in office who is constitutionally unqualified.
Posted by: James at November 25, 2008 3:24 PM"Lesley's reasoning was honest, although despite what she did and saw she's still pro-abortion. Don't get that."
All in due time...
Posted by: Bobby Bambino at November 25, 2008 3:28 PMJames,
Personally, I think there are bigger fish to fry. Are there one hundred people in this country who still care about the citizenship issue? Obama could say he was from Mars and the MSM wouldn't care.
I wish they would drop the requirement so Eduardo Versatgui could run for President. He'd be awesome. Jim Caviezal could be his running mate. Now, that would be a story. :)
(Sorry y'all, I got a little side-tracked there.)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kristen @3:18 PM,
Janet -Wasn't that horrible? I just finished reading the last part about the papaya. Now I know all abortionists are mentally ill.
Yes. They must be delusional. As horrible as this story is, it can only help educate people about the reality of abortion and the lies that have been perpetuated for the last 50+ years. Women like this med student have bought into the politics of abortion and think it's a right. It's sick. I hope our future Pres and his wife have a chance to see her story.
I'd like to know why Oprah, one of the most influential women in the world does not have the courage to speak out against abortion. Too emotional a subject? Maybe Mike Huckabee and Sarah Palin could do a special news report; They are both amazingly articulate.
Posted by: Janet at November 25, 2008 3:43 PMI agree Janet,
The vast majority of women who claim to be pro-choice no nothing of what they support. They should all spend a day with Lesley and observe what takes place. They should witness abortion at all stages and all types, then state their position.
How does Lesley know the woman she gave "a new lease on life" to will really live her new lease on life. What if she goes back to the abusive husband or boyfriend that sent her their, or the molesting relative, or how does she know this woman won't ever suffer the emotional and/or physical effects of this abortion.
How could she ever know this as she stated she never connected with the patients. All she did was the dirty work.
Her story confirms what we have known all along.
Abortionists are just assembly line workers.
There is no dr./patient relationship.
"It was definitely gruesome," she said. "You could make out what a fetus could look like, tiny feet, lungs, but it didn't look like a person."
they definitely have blinders on, I wonder what she thought the baby looked like, a paycheck maybe? That comment made me physically sick!
Posted by: Rosie at November 25, 2008 3:56 PMYou know, it really must be a strange place in the mind of an abortionist.
My high-risk OB, who I loved, turned out to be a huge abortion supporter and even spoke at a Planned Parenthood event my mom attended.
I mean, this woman saw me every single day and talked about my son as a person. She went on church trips to Central America to give prenatal care. Meanwhile, she was the head of the hospitals committee on abortion and worked to ensure that there were always people on call who would perform abortions.
Talk about compartmentalized thinking!
Posted by: lauren at November 25, 2008 3:57 PMAs Bobby said, we must be patient. Conversions don't happen overnight.
The article itself is a piece of proabortion trash. It presents the notion that abortionists are these wonderful self-giving people who are soooo concerned for the health of women.
Instead of considering that there just might be other reasons why women who enter medical school keen to do abortions don't follow thru, they petulantly point out that maybe "the young doctors' commitment to abortion rights,.... may not run as deep as the doctors of Myron Rose's generation, who have vivid memories of women dying from botched, back-alley abortions before Roe v. Wade..."
Well bully all! isn't this just a disappointment!
And isn't this just so special of Lesley's mother to present the gift of children to her daughter in this manner:
Lesley's parents support abortions rights, but they taught their children to use protection if they had sex or "be willing to give up your freedom for 18 years," Linda says.
Yes that's right folks! I haven't had a "life" for the past 18 years, since I had my first child! righto!
And I love how the proaborts organized the "papaya" training session as though one might be going out to a small party - except this one is teaching you how to kill after the food is served!
There was silence as she passed around photos of a dish with a light under it from a real abortion. It contained something that looked like a cotton ball, a yolk sac, and some blood and tissue. It was hard to make out any parts of a fetus under 3 months old, which, she said, is when more than 90 percent of all abortions are performed.
And who here is willing to bet that what these students saw was NOT the remains of a baby under 3 months ripped from the womb during an abortion?!!
I also feel the writers of this article placed the scene about the Catholic doctor in the article in order to blow off the Catholic church's opposition to abortion with Lesley's so called admonishment: "You can't assume what is right for you is right for the patient," she decided.
Except that there ARE some things that are morally right and some things that are morally wrong Lesley. Abortion is always morally wrong for you, for me, for every woman.
When is it appropriate to interject our judgment, and when isn't it? Nobody really knows, she concluded. Not Medical Students for Choice, not the Catholic students, not the medical school. But they were important questions to explore, she told Litty later. Litty agreed.
and really did Litty agree? The Catholic church and most Christian churches admonish believers that if they see someone doing wrong, to tell that person and if he continues to go again with two or three of the believers and tell him again. (HisMan you can provide the quotes, yes?) A doctor has to make judgements all the time about what treatment is right for a patient. A Catholic doctor considers that he/she has two patients. Obviously, abortion can never be the right choice for the unborn patient..
Maybe just maybe, Lesley saw what really happens to women during abortion and what really happens to babies during abortion.
Maybe Lesley will get to be a real doctor.
I read this yesterday on realchoice and even though I can't understand how people could actually do this, I think it's sort of telling that the class size was smaller than they had hoped for... and that this doctor couldn't find it in her... I'm encouraged by that a little is anyone else? Or do you think it is a ploy to get even more doctors to buy in to the need...?
Posted by: Lisa at November 25, 2008 4:06 PMWow, I"m sorry to hear that, Lauren. What a horrible feeling to know that one's OB would just as soon see your baby dead than delivered, just depending on your choice. You want it delivered? Cool. You want it dead? That's cool too.
I often think about that with my wife's pregnancy. Would these doctors be totally indifferent if we just up and decided to kill our baby? I don't want to think like that when talking with these doctors, but it's just so hard not to...
Posted by: Bobby Bambino at November 25, 2008 4:06 PMJames, your nutty blabbering about imaginary stuff just wastes space.
Most you'll do is give Jill a bad name in being associated with fruitcakes.
Posted by: Jeremy at November 25, 2008 4:07 PMThat is the place. We first hear the expression rape 'em, drape 'em and scrape 'em. Grasping the cervix with a 2 pronged forcep sometimes is caused to pull loose. the forcep then is used again to grap a bigger bite. In the steps of dilation, the dilators push against the grasp of the forceps so every once in a while, it is torn loose the second time. If there is a perforation of the uterous, that can be repaired by a small incision and a laparotomy. Can you all imagine how much force a speculum must have to dilate the vagina in a full term abortion?
I really don't believe this is a career of choice for students. I suspect some get into it because of trouble. They have a few too many malpractice claims in OB?GYN and so go where they will be able to do a large volume and all the babies get killed.
Doing a natural delivery and having just a couple of forcep deliveries that create trauma to the newborne will give a malpractice case and cause insurance to escalate. Ironically it is often a mom that sues and never paid their bill in the first place.
Posted by: xppc at November 25, 2008 4:07 PM"I think Republicians and the MSM are willing to dump the US Constitution and put a person in office who is constitutionally unqualified."
**
But, enough about Palin.
Posted by: Jeremy at November 25, 2008 4:10 PMOH, hahah Jeremy, you are so clever, and funny, and accurate in your zaney one liners! If only I could be as marvelously witty as you!
Posted by: lauren at November 25, 2008 4:15 PMBobby, yeah it was quite the wake up call. She told Planned Parenthood "I have only one patient during pregnancy, and that is the woman."
I was chilled. I'm glad she supported my wishes, but also glad I never lost consciousness!
Posted by: lauren at November 25, 2008 4:17 PM"I really thought I'd love it".
Obscene.
Posted by: Joe at November 25, 2008 4:24 PMI'd like to know why Oprah, one of the most influential women in the world does not have the courage to speak out against abortion. Too emotional a subject?
Posted by: Janet at November 25, 2008 3:43 PM
Probably because she is for abortion all the way.
Oprah is in favor of gay marriage and the total leftist package.
Joe, I know!
Who could possibly "love" performing abortions. Tolerate, maybe, but love?
"Sarah Palin could do a special news report; They are both amazingly articulate."
LOLOLOLOL. ROFL LOLOL.
I just peed a little from that. Are you kidding me?
Posted by: Josephine at November 25, 2008 5:59 PMLOLOLOL.
No, although I think Sarah could use some voice training to tone down the accent. You know they speak with scripts on teleprompters these days...
Posted by: Janet at November 25, 2008 6:55 PMThis doctor's decision exemplifies the reason people who are pro-choice want abortions reduced, which pro-lifers question over and over and over and over again (yes, on this blog!). Regardless of whether you believe it is murder or not, the procedure itself is nasty.
Posted by: asitis at November 25, 2008 6:58 PMYou cannot change reality. It is what it is. You may convince your 'self' that the sun first appears on the western horizon, but in order to maintain this delusion you have to change the definition of west or east or both. But changing definition to fit your predilections, only changes you.
The SCOTUS may find tomorrow that the constitution does establish that the sun does indeed first appear in the west, but simply decreeing it does not make it so.
The TRUTH is a majority of one. Though the lie may be believed by some, or most, or all, TRUTH will inexorably impose itself on the deluded.
There is a cosmic condemnation associated with hands and feet that rush to kill the innocent. The penalty will be imposed as surely as night follows day. Though justice may appear to be delayed, it cannot be avoided.
'They called loudly to the Lord and said, "O Sovereign Lord, holy and true, how long will it be before you judge the people of the earth for what they've done to us? When will you avenge our blood against those living on the earth?"
The blood cries out to be avenged and there is only one refuge for the one who spilled it. There is only one acceptable substitute available for those who are guilty of this kind of murder.
No other form of penance will satisfy the demands of the law. No other form of payment will be received.
The earth is polluted with the blood of the innocent. There is no technology, no remediation, no man made process to reverse this curse.
Whoever kills any person [intentionally], the murderer shall be put to death on the testimony of witnesses; but no one shall be put to death on the testimony of one witness.
Moreover, you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death.
And you shall accept no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, so that he may return to dwell in the land before the death of the high priest.
So you shall not pollute the land in which you live; for blood pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood shed in it, but by the blood of him who shed it.
But
'While we were yet in weakness [powerless to help ourselves], at the fitting time Christ died for (in behalf of) the ungodly.
Now it is an extraordinary thing for one to give his life even for an upright man, though perhaps for a noble and lovable and generous benefactor someone might even dare to die.
But God shows and clearly proves His [own] love for us by the fact that while we were still sinners, Christ (the Messiah, the Anointed one) died for us.
Therefore, since we are now justified ( acquitted, made righteous, and brought into right relationship with God) by Christ's blood, how much more certain is it that we shall be saved by Him from the indignation and wrath of God.
For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, it is much more certain, now that we are reconciled, that we shall be saved (daily delivered from sin's dominion) through His resurrection life.
Not only so, but we also rejoice and exultingly glory in God in His love and perfection through our Lord Jesus Christ, through Whom we have now received and enjoy reconciliation.'
...you had no hope (no promise); you were in the world without God.
But now in Christ Jesus, you who once were [so] far away, through (by, in) the blood of Christ have been brought near.
For He is [Himself] our peace (our bond of unity and harmony).
By abolishing in His [own crucified] flesh the enmity [caused by] the Law with its decrees and ordinances [which He annulled];...so making peace.
And He came and preached the glad tidings of peace to you who were afar off and [peace] to those who were near.
For it is through Him that we both [whether far off or near] now have an introduction (access) by one [Holy] Spirit to the Father [so that we are able to approach Him].
And this is eternal life: [it means] to know (to perceive, recognize, become acquainted with, and understand) You, the only true and real God, and [likewise] to know Him, Jesus [as the] Christ (the Anointed one, the Messiah), Whom You have sent.
yor bro ken
Janet, I believe Josephine was referring to the off-teleprompter Palin. Verbose yes, but anything but articulate!
Posted by: asitis at November 25, 2008 7:14 PMkbhvac,
Great post.
Posted by: Jasper at November 25, 2008 8:19 PMasitis,
Yes. It was a bad choice of words on my part. Sometimes I wonder if English is my first language. :)
Meh, people decide not to be doctors for all sorts of reasons.
Posted by: Yo La Tengo at November 26, 2008 12:24 AMI dont know how anyone could witness an abortion, let alone assisting in doing one, and ever be the same.
Posted by: Joanne at November 26, 2008 12:31 AMIn one of my classes we watched a video of an abortion. I'm not kidding.
It was a class to prepare us for med school, showing us what our options were when we finally got there, decisions we have to make and stuff. Anyway, one day we talked about doctors who perform abortions and we watched a video. It was just a part, and I won't go into detail.. but I will say, I don't think it changed the mind of anyone in my class. Medicine is typically dominated by pro-choicers, and it was totally obvious in the class. I didn't throw up or anything, but I cried for the remainder of the class.
Posted by: Josephine at November 26, 2008 12:51 AMI am sorry Josephine. I remember watching one for the first time and KNOWING that is what my baby went through. Horrifying. I sobbed for a long time.
I am sure that the mindset is focused on "helping women." Or on money. How else do you do it?
Posted by: Carla at November 26, 2008 7:28 AMsad -- she saw the little tiny body parts but did NOT see the humanity of this tiny child? She didn't see a person, she saw little body parts.
Sometimes its hard to get people who support abortion to SEE the TRUTH.
It took how many abortions for Bernard Nathanson to finally see the truth? And the invention of the ultrasound, too.
But even with the ultrasound, there are still people who claim there is a human there.
Posted by: LizFromNebraska at November 26, 2008 8:36 AMDo you mean "isn't"?
Posted by: Carla at November 26, 2008 9:24 AMoops, you're right Carla. I meant ISN'T. Trying to do too many things at once I guess. That's what happens when you have a new Wii game, but are also trying to check emails and other things, like black Friday deals.
Posted by: LizFromNebraska at November 26, 2008 9:37 AMFocus, Liz. Focus. :)
Happy Thanksgiving to you and good luck on black Friday. I will be sleeping.
Even if you were pro-choice, how could you expect that you'd "love" to perform an abortion? The side of the pro-choice movement who sees abortion as a necessary evil I can understand, but I simply cannot understand why someone would expect to love doing abortions.
Posted by: Marauder at November 26, 2008 11:46 AMRather than to risk a National Riot, I think Republicians and the MSM are willing to dump the US Constitution and put a person in office who is constitutionally unqualified.
Posted by: Megan at November 26, 2008 11:19 PMMegan,
Who, exactly, did we elect that is constitutionally unqualified?
Natural US citizen: Check
35+: Check
Lived in US for 14+ years: Check
That's it. Soo, we're good. :)
Posted by: Josephine at November 26, 2008 11:43 PMActually most med students change their minds about what they want to do several times before they finish. Most of the ones who do stick with their initial plans are primary-care people. And some of them change their minds after starting, when it sinks in how much debt they have.
Posted by: MDequalsMisguidedDiety at November 27, 2008 9:17 AMOops, I meant after finishing school when I wrote "after starting".
Posted by: Anonymous at November 27, 2008 9:19 AM
Jill Stanek is a nurse turned speaker, columnist and blogger, a national figure in the effort to protect both preborn and postborn innocent human life.